{"id":3304,"date":"2025-04-04T16:00:51","date_gmt":"2025-04-04T14:00:51","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.vodarenskepohlady.sk\/?p=3304"},"modified":"2025-07-29T10:49:23","modified_gmt":"2025-07-29T08:49:23","slug":"terciarni-odstranovani-fosforu-podle-nove-smernice-o-cisteni-odpadnich-vod-a-navrhu-zmeny-vodniho-zakona","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.vodarenskepohlady.sk\/?p=3304","title":{"rendered":"Terci\u00e1rn\u00ed odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed fosforu podle nov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod a\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu zm\u011bny vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona"},"content":{"rendered":"
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\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n

Sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a\u00a0Rady EU o\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod (p\u0159epracovan\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed) zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148uje po\u017eadavky na terci\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod v\u00a0\u010dist\u00edrn\u00e1ch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod tak\u00e9 v\u00a0oblasti nutrient\u016f, dus\u00edku a\u00a0fosforu (1). Za v\u00fdznamnou zm\u011bnu pova\u017euji zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed emisn\u00edch limit\u016f pro fosfor. Je evidentn\u00ed, \u017ee jedinou vhodnou technologi\u00ed bude chemick\u00e9, zcela jist\u011b v\u00edcebodov\u00e9, sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fosforu solemi \u017eeleza nebo hlin\u00edku. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 v\u00a0listopadu\u00a02024 byl zve\u0159ejn\u011bn n\u00e1vrh ministerstva \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed na zm\u011bnu vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fd se v\u00fdznamn\u011b dot\u00fdk\u00e1 poplatk\u016f za vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd fosfor (2). Logicky se objevuje ot\u00e1zka, co ob\u011b zm\u011bny legislativy budou znamenat z\u00a0hlediska n\u00e1klad\u016f a\u00a0dopadu na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Po\u017eadavky sm\u011brnice EU na terci\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed pro fosfor
\u010cl\u00e1nek 7 sm\u011brnice stanovuje \u010dlensk\u00fdm st\u00e1t\u016fm povinnost zajistit do 31. prosince 2045, aby vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z \u010dist\u00edren m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod, kter\u00e9 \u010dist\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody z aglomerac\u00ed s popula\u010dn\u00edm ekvivalentem 10\u2009000 PE (popula\u010dn\u00ed ekvivalent) a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm, spl\u0148ovalo po\u017eadavky na terci\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed stanoven\u00e9 v \u010d\u00e1sti B a tabulce 2 p\u0159\u00edlohy I. Obdobn\u011b \u010dlensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty do 21. prosince 2039 zajist\u00ed, aby vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed z \u010dist\u00edren m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod, kter\u00e9 \u010dist\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody se zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm popula\u010dn\u00edmu ekvivalentu 150\u2009000 PE a vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu, spl\u0148ovalo p\u0159ed vypu\u0161t\u011bn\u00edm do recipient\u016f p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 po\u017eadavky na terci\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed v souladu s \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed B a tabulkou 2 p\u0159\u00edlohy I. V p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b fosforu (celkov\u00fd fosfor) se jedn\u00e1 o tyto hodnoty:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

0,7 mg\/l pro \u010dist\u00edrny m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed aglomerac\u00edm 10\u2009000 PE
a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed, ale ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed ne\u017e 150\u2009000 PE
0,5 mg\/l pro \u010dist\u00edrny m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed aglomerac\u00edm 150\u2009000
PE a vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pro vody vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00a0\u010dist\u00edren m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod, kter\u00e9 \u010dist\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody se zat\u00ed\u017een\u00edm odpov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00edm popula\u010dn\u00edmu ekvivalentu 150\u2009000 PE a\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edmu se pou\u017eij\u00ed oba ukazatele (N, P). Pro \u010cOV, kter\u00e9 \u010dist\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody z\u00a0aglomerac\u00ed s\u00a0popula\u010dn\u00edm ekvivalentem 10\u2009000 PE a\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00edm, se podle m\u00edstn\u00ed situace m\u016f\u017ee pou\u017e\u00edt jeden nebo oba ukazatele (N nebo P, nebo oba). Pou\u017eij\u00ed se hodnoty koncentrac\u00ed nebo procenta \u00fabytku. V\u00a0p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b \u00fabytku (%) mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zaji\u0161t\u011bna stejn\u00e1 \u00farove\u0148 ochrany \u017eivotn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed jako p\u0159i pou\u017eit\u00ed koncentra\u010dn\u00edho emisn\u00edho limitu (velmi problematick\u00e1 formulace). Soust\u0159ed\u00edme se v\u00a0t\u00e9to stati na pou\u017eit\u00ed koncentra\u010dn\u00edho limitu, kter\u00fd je celoro\u010dn\u00edm pr\u016fm\u011brem v\u0161ech vzork\u016f.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

N\u00e1vrh novely z\u00e1kona \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

P\u0159edloha novely (2) navrhuje zaveden\u00ed nov\u00fdch limit\u016f pro zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed fosforu. Sazba by se m\u011bla zv\u00fd\u0161it ze 70 na 150 K\u010d\/kg, limit zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed hmotnostn\u00ed by se m\u011bl sn\u00ed\u017eit na 1500 kg\/rok a\u00a0koncentra\u010dn\u00ed limit zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed by se m\u011bl sn\u00ed\u017eit na 0,3 mg\/l. Modelov\u00fd propo\u010det by m\u011bl uk\u00e1zat, co by to znamenalo, pokud by se \u010cOV pro aglomerace nad 10\u2009000 PE rozhodly dos\u00e1hnout tohoto limitu. Z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va z\u00a0hodnocen\u00ed dopad\u016f regulace k\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu z\u00e1kona (j\u00edm\u017e se navrhuje zm\u011bna z\u00e1kona \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch), kter\u00e1 je sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed n\u00e1vrhu zm\u011bny z\u00e1kona, bohu\u017eel zcela pominula z\u00e1kladn\u00ed okrajov\u00e9 procesn\u00ed a\u00a0technologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed na n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentrace fosforu a\u00a0souvisej\u00edc\u00ed negativn\u00ed dopady p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00e9ho masivn\u00edho sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fosforu.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 d\u00e1vka sr\u00e1\u017eedla<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 d\u00e1vka chemick\u00e9ho sr\u00e1\u017eedla souvis\u00ed s\u00a0koncentrac\u00ed fosforu ve vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vod\u011b za biologick\u00fdm stupn\u011bm. Ji\u017e z\u00a0t\u00e9to formulace je evidentn\u00ed, \u017ee p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me n\u00e1sledn\u00e9 sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed a\u00a0filtraci jako dal\u0161\u00ed technologick\u00fd stupe\u0148. Obvykle mu bude p\u0159edch\u00e1zet simult\u00e1nn\u00ed sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed P. K\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed stabiln\u011b n\u00edzk\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed fosforu je to jedin\u011b mo\u017en\u00e1 provozn\u011b ov\u011b\u0159en\u00e1 technologie.
Pro c\u00edlov\u00e9 koncentrace celkov\u00e9ho fosforu v\u00a0oblasti 1 a\u017e 3 mg\/l (dnes platn\u00e9 emisn\u00ed standardy podle Na\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed vl\u00e1dy \u010d. 401\/2015 Sb.) je dosta\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed d\u00e1vka cca 1,0 mol hlin\u00edku nebo \u017eeleza na mol fosforu, provozn\u011b se v\u0161ak pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed d\u00e1vky cca 1,2 a\u017e 1,5 mol Fe nebo Al na mol fosforu. Pokud jsou c\u00edlov\u00e9 koncentrace sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fosforu pod 1 mg\/l, dost\u00e1v\u00e1 se pr\u016fb\u011bh sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed do oblasti, kdy na odstran\u011bn\u00ed 1 mol P je pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 mnohem vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed d\u00e1vka kovu (Fe, Al), ne\u017e je stechiometrick\u00e1 (Obr. 1). Pro ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed koncentrace celkov\u00e9ho fosforu v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed 0,3\u00a0\u2013 1,0 mg\/l se d\u00e1vka m\u016f\u017ee pohybovat v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed 1,2 a\u017e 7,0 molu hlin\u00edku nebo \u017eeleza na mol fosforu (1,2). S\u00a0po\u017eadavkem na dosa\u017een\u00ed ni\u017e\u0161\u00ed koncentrace pod 1 mg\/l zbytkov\u00e9ho fosforu pot\u0159ebn\u00e1 d\u00e1vka prudce roste! Pro dal\u0161\u00ed \u00favahy budeme uva\u017eovat pouze sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed solemi \u017eeleza, kter\u00e9 je v\u00a0\u010cR preferov\u00e1no. Pro \u00fa\u010dinn\u00e9 odstran\u011bn\u00ed fosforu je v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 hodnota pH, proto\u017ee rozpustnost vznikaj\u00edc\u00edch sra\u017eenin se m\u011bn\u00ed s\u00a0pH. Odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed fosforu hlin\u00edkem je nej\u00fa\u010dinn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00a0rozmez\u00ed pH 5 a\u017e 7, sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed \u017eelezit\u00fdmi solemi m\u00e1 pak optimum pH 6,5 a\u017e 7,5.
<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Produkce fosforu ve vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Jak\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed chemick\u00e9ho sr\u00e1\u017eedla budeme pro zabezpe\u010den\u00ed nov\u00fdch emisn\u00edch limit\u016f pot\u0159ebovat, je logick\u00e1 ot\u00e1zka. Podm\u00ednky pro sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fosforu na n\u00edzk\u00e9 koncentrace je vhodn\u00e9 vn\u00edmat p\u0159ed implementac\u00ed sm\u011brnice EU do na\u0161\u00ed legislativy. Jako p\u0159\u00edkladn\u00fd v\u00fdpo\u010det je pou\u017eit stav v\u00a0roce 2023. Podle Zpr\u00e1vy o\u00a0stavu vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v\u00a0roce 2023, ozna\u010dovan\u00e9 jako Modr\u00e1 zpr\u00e1va (3), bylo v\u00a0roce 2023 vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edstavovan\u00e9 fosforem bilancovan\u00e9 st\u00e1tn\u00edmi podniky Povod\u00ed celkem 1109 t Pcelk\/rok (sou\u010det v\u00a0tabulce 5.\u00a01.\u00a01. Modr\u00e9 zpr\u00e1vy). Je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee tato suma zahrnuje i\u00a0zdroje pod 10\u2009000 PE, rozhodn\u011b v\u0161ak p\u0159edstavuje majoritn\u00ed zne\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 z\u00a0\u010cOV. Pokud vezmeme v\u00a0\u00favahu \u00fadaje o\u00a0pr\u016ftokov\u00e9m mno\u017estv\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod z\u00a0tabulky 9.\u00a02.\u00a01 Odv\u00e1d\u011bn\u00ed a\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod z\u00a0kanalizac\u00ed (3), vych\u00e1z\u00ed pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 koncentrace celkov\u00e9ho fosforu na odtoku z\u00a0\u010cOV cca 1,3 mg\/l. Rozd\u011bl\u00edme-li takto vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00fd fosfor do velikostn\u00edch kategori\u00ed aglomerac\u00ed podle nov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod (po\u010dty \u010cOV a\u00a0PE podle podklad\u016f SOVAK \u010cR), je z\u0159ejm\u00e9, \u017ee aglomerace nad 10\u2009000 PE produkuj\u00ed v\u00edce ne\u017e 85 procent celkov\u011b vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9ho celkov\u00e9ho fosforu ve vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod\u00e1ch (Tabu\u013eka 1).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orienta\u010dn\u00ed propo\u010dty pot\u0159eby chemik\u00e1li\u00ed na sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fosforu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Je uva\u017eov\u00e1no rozd\u011blen\u00ed aglomerac\u00ed do dvou velikostn\u00edch skupin, jak je obsa\u017eeno v\u00a0p\u0159epracovan\u00e9m zn\u011bn\u00ed sm\u011brnice o\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod. Propo\u010det byl proveden pro vypou\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho fosforu v\u00a0roce 2023 a\u00a0pro modelovan\u00e9 stavy dosa\u017een\u00ed emisn\u00edho standardu 0,5 a\u00a00,7 mg Pcelk\/l pro p\u0159\u00edslu\u0161n\u00e9 velikostn\u00ed skupiny sm\u011brnice EU. V\u00fdpo\u010det je proveden za p\u0159edpokladu sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed 40procentn\u00edm roztokem s\u00edranu \u017eelezit\u00e9ho (Fe2(SO4)3). Mol\u00e1rn\u00ed pom\u011br Fe\/P v\u00a0z\u00e1vislosti na c\u00edlov\u00e9 koncentraci Pcelk v\u00a0odtoku byl volen na z\u00e1klad\u011b doporu\u010den\u00ed z\u00a0provozn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed (4,5). Vedle spot\u0159eby sr\u00e1\u017eedla je propo\u010dtena i\u00a0produkce chemick\u00e9ho kalu doprov\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed toto sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed, vznikl\u00fd chemick\u00fd kal bude zvy\u0161ovat celkovou produkci kalu na \u010cOV.
D\u00e1le byl proveden v\u00fdpo\u010det sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fosforu pro stav, kdy by se provozovatel\u00e9 \u010cOV o\u00a0velikosti 10\u2009000 PE a\u00a0v\u00fd\u0161e rozhodli dos\u00e1hnout odtokov\u00fdch koncentrac\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho fosforu na limitu navrhovan\u00e9 koncentrace zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed 0,3 mg\/l. V\u00fdsledky v\u00fdpo\u010dt\u016f uv\u00e1d\u00ed Tabulka 1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Hodnocen\u00ed v\u00fdsledk\u016f modelov\u00e9ho propo\u010dtu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V\u00a0d\u016fsledku zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed emisn\u00edch limit\u016f novou sm\u011brnic\u00ed EU pro \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod v\u00a0ukazateli celkov\u00fd fosfor na odtoku v\u00fdznamn\u011b vzroste spot\u0159eba chemik\u00e1li\u00ed na sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fosforu p\u0159i provozu \u010dist\u00edren m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod slou\u017e\u00edc\u00edch aglomerac\u00edm 10\u2009000 PE a\u00a0vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed. Z\u00a0modelov\u00e9ho propo\u010dtu lze usuzovat, \u017ee pr\u016fm\u011brn\u00e1 spot\u0159eba 40% roztoku (Fe2(SO4)3 vzroste v\u00a0\u010cR v\u00a0pr\u016fm\u011bru o\u00a025\u2009000 m3 ro\u010dn\u011b.
Pokud by v\u00a0d\u016fsledku navrhovan\u00e9 novely vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona do\u0161lo ke zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00ed emisn\u00edch limit\u016f pro zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed fosforu na 0,3 mg\/l, a\u00a0provozovatel\u00e9 se rozhodli v\u00a0kategorii aglomerac\u00ed 10\u2009000 PE a\u00a0v\u00edce tento limit plnit, pak spot\u0159eba s\u00edranu \u017eelezit\u00e9ho m\u016f\u017ee vzr\u016fst a\u017e na 58\u2009500 m3 ro\u010dn\u011b. Pokud by byly zahrnuty v\u0161echny \u010cOV, m\u016f\u017ee tato spot\u0159eba \u010dinit a\u017e 70\u2009000 m3\/rok. Pro zabezpe\u010den\u00ed t\u011bchto spot\u0159eb nen\u00ed v\u00a0\u010cR v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti dostate\u010dn\u00e1 v\u00fdrobn\u00ed kapacita.
V\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad bude do produkce su\u0161iny kal\u016f: pro emisn\u00ed limit 0,5 a\u017e 0,7 mg\/l se proti sou\u010dasnosti zv\u00fd\u0161\u00ed o\u00a0cca 5 %, pro p\u0159\u00edpadn\u00fd zp\u0159\u00edsn\u011bn\u00fd emisn\u00ed limit zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed 0,3 mg\/l pak a\u017e o\u00a013,4 % pro \u010cOV nad 10\u2009000 PE, celkov\u011b cca 15 % pro v\u0161echny \u010cOV. Je to logick\u00e9, pod\u00edv\u00e1me-li se na exponenci\u00e1ln\u00ed pr\u016fb\u011bh z\u00e1vislosti d\u00e1vky sr\u00e1\u017eedla na c\u00edlov\u00e9 koncentraci fosforu (Obr. 1).
Zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 spot\u0159eba chemik\u00e1li\u00ed na sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fosforu a\u00a0zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e1 produkce kal\u016f p\u0159edstavuje v\u00fdznamn\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst provozn\u00edch n\u00e1klad\u016f nejen na sr\u00e1\u017eedlo, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na likvidaci vznikl\u00fdch kal\u016f. Sou\u010dasn\u011b se velmi negativn\u011b ovlivn\u00ed slo\u017een\u00ed kal\u016f z\u00a0hlediska jejich dal\u0161\u00edho potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b kaly budou obsahovat zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00e9 koncentrace fosforu, kter\u00fd by m\u011bl b\u00fdt logicky jako kritick\u00fd materi\u00e1l vhodn\u011b technologicky z\u00edsk\u00e1n a\u00a0vyu\u017eit.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Souhrn<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

K\u00a0dosa\u017een\u00ed 80- a\u017e 95procentn\u00edho odstran\u011bn\u00ed fosforu z\u00a0odtoku z\u00a0\u010cOV, resp. dosa\u017een\u00ed emisn\u00edch limit\u016f podle nov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice EU (1) je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd mol\u00e1rn\u00ed pom\u011br Fe\/P v\u00a0oblasti 2,0 a\u017e 2,5. Pro dosa\u017een\u00ed koncentrac\u00ed celkov\u00e9ho fosforu na navrhovan\u00e9m limitu zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed 0,3 mg\/l je pot\u0159ebn\u00fd mol\u00e1rn\u00ed pom\u011br Fe\/P v\u00a0oblasti 5,0 a\u017e 7,0. Tyto faktory jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ovlivn\u011bny hodnotou pH, zp\u016fsobem m\u00edch\u00e1n\u00ed, charakteristikou vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00e9 odpadn\u00ed vody, zbytkov\u00fdmi organick\u00fdmi l\u00e1tkami.
Na modelov\u00e9m propo\u010dtu byly odhadnuty dopady p\u0159ijat\u00fdch emisn\u00edch limit\u016f pro celkov\u00fd fosfor v\u00a0souvislosti s\u00a0p\u0159epracovan\u00fdm zn\u011bn\u00edm sm\u011brnice o\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod (1) a\u00a0pro p\u0159\u00edpad sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed na koncentraci 0,3 mg\/l, navrhovanou jako limit zpoplatn\u011bn\u00ed v\u00a0p\u0159edloze zm\u011bny z\u00e1kona \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch a\u00a0o\u00a0zm\u011bn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f (vodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon), ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f.
P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek byl naps\u00e1n po schv\u00e1len\u00ed sm\u011brnice Radou EU, ale je\u0161t\u011b p\u0159ed jej\u00edm vyhl\u00e1\u0161en\u00edm v\u00a0\u00da\u0159edn\u00edm v\u011bstn\u00edku EU. \u010clensk\u00e9 st\u00e1ty EU pak budou m\u00edt a\u017e 31 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f na to, aby sv\u00e9 vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00ed pr\u00e1vn\u00ed p\u0159edpisy p\u0159izp\u016fsobily nov\u00fdm pravidl\u016fm (tj. implementovaly sm\u011brnici ve vnitrost\u00e1tn\u00edm pr\u00e1vu). Budeme m\u00edt tedy dostate\u010dnou dobu na to, abychom si uv\u011bdomili dopady nov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice.
Sou\u010dasn\u011b byl p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek naps\u00e1n v\u00a0dob\u011b p\u0159edlo\u017een\u00ed prvn\u00edho n\u00e1vrhu zm\u011bny vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona (2). Spole\u010dn\u00fdm rysem obou legislativn\u00edch norem budou stejn\u00e9 doprovodn\u00e9 efekty, tj. pot\u0159eba investic, prudk\u00fd n\u00e1r\u016fst spot\u0159eby vysoce energeticky n\u00e1ro\u010dn\u00fdch chemik\u00e1li\u00ed na sr\u00e1\u017een\u00ed fosforu a\u00a0s\u00a0t\u00edm souvisej\u00edc\u00ed skute\u010dnosti, jako je vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed produkce kal\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed zat\u00ed\u017een\u00ed kalov\u00fdch hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u010cOV, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed plateb za kaly, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed uhl\u00edkov\u00e9 stopy, negativn\u00ed zm\u011bna slo\u017een\u00ed kal\u016f, zv\u00fd\u0161en\u00ed solnosti vy\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod apod.
Literatura:<\/strong>
Sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a\u00a0Rady EU o\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod (p\u0159epracovan\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed), verze 2022\/0345(COD) – PE-CONS 85\/24, schv\u00e1len\u00e1 5.\u00a011.\u00a02024 Radou EU<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \n
  1. N\u00e1vrh z\u00e1kona, kter\u00fdm se m\u011bn\u00ed z\u00e1kon \u010d. 254\/2001 Sb., o\u00a0vod\u00e1ch a\u00a0o\u00a0zm\u011bn\u011b n\u011bkter\u00fdch z\u00e1kon\u016f (vodn\u00ed z\u00e1kon), ve zn\u011bn\u00ed pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edch p\u0159edpis\u016f, a\u00a0z\u00e1kon \u010d. 123\/1998 Sb., o\u00a0pr\u00e1vu na informace o\u00a0\u017eivotn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed, 7.\u00a011.\u00a02024, https:\/\/www.odok.cz\/portal\/veklep\/material\/KORNDASAJFXM\/<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  2. Zpr\u00e1va o\u00a0stavu vodn\u00edho hospod\u00e1\u0159stv\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky v\u00a0roce 2023, verze schv\u00e1len\u00e1 na jedn\u00e1n\u00ed vl\u00e1dy dne 4.\u00a09.\u00a02024, MZe, 2024<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  3. WRF (The Water Research Foundation), \u201cTertiary Phosphorus Removal\u201d from the Nutrient Removal Challenge. https:\/\/www.waterrf.org\/serve-file\/Tertiary-Phosphorus-Removal.pdf, 2019<\/li>\n\n\n\n
  4. Phosphate Elimination with Iron Salts, KRONOS Ecochem, Phosphate elimination with Iron salts https:\/\/kronosecochem.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/TI_3_01_EN_Elimin_Phosphates.pdf, 2012<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n\n\n\n

    Ing. Miroslav Kos, CSc., MBA, STRABAG Water s.r.o.
    \u010cl\u00e1nok prevzat\u00fd z \u010dasopisu Sovak 1\/2025, ro\u010dn\u00edk 34<\/p>\n\n\n\n

    \"\"
    Tabu\u013eka \u010d. 1<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n\n\n\n
    \"\"<\/figure>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

    Sm\u011brnice Evropsk\u00e9ho parlamentu a\u00a0Rady EU o\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod (p\u0159epracovan\u00e9 zn\u011bn\u00ed) zp\u0159\u00eds\u0148uje po\u017eadavky na terci\u00e1rn\u00ed \u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod v\u00a0\u010dist\u00edrn\u00e1ch m\u011bstsk\u00fdch odpadn\u00edch vod tak\u00e9 v\u00a0oblasti nutrient\u016f, dus\u00edku [\u2026]<\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3354,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0,"footnotes":""},"categories":[19],"tags":[41,25],"class_list":["post-3304","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-sovak","tag-01-2025","tag-sovak"],"yoast_head":"\nTerci\u00e1rn\u00ed odstra\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed fosforu podle nov\u00e9 sm\u011brnice o\u00a0\u010di\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed odpadn\u00edch vod a\u00a0n\u00e1vrhu zm\u011bny vodn\u00edho z\u00e1kona - 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